Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or inside an ovary, and they’re extremely common, with most women developing at least one at some point, often without ever knowing it. Many cysts cause no symptoms at all and resolve on their own, but some can cause noticeable discomfort or complications.
Common Symptoms
- Pelvic pain or pressure, often on one side
- Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
- Pain during intercourse
- Irregular periods
- Frequent urination, if the cyst presses on the bladder
Signs of a More Serious Problem
- Sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain
- Pain with fever or vomiting
- Dizziness, weakness, or rapid breathing
These symptoms can indicate a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion, both of which need prompt medical evaluation.
Common Types of Ovarian Cysts
- Functional cysts, the most common type, forming as a normal part of the menstrual cycle and usually resolving on their own
- Dermoid cysts, which can contain tissue like hair or skin and typically need to be monitored or removed
- Endometriomas, associated with endometriosis
- Cystadenomas, which develop from ovarian tissue and can grow fairly large
How Ovarian Cysts Are Diagnosed
Most ovarian cysts are found incidentally during a pelvic exam or ultrasound performed for another reason. If a cyst is suspected based on symptoms, a transvaginal ultrasound is typically the first step, sometimes followed by blood tests depending on the findings.
When Monitoring Is Enough
Many functional cysts shrink or disappear within one to three menstrual cycles without any treatment, so doctors often recommend a follow-up ultrasound after a few months before considering further action.
When Treatment Is Needed
Larger cysts, those causing persistent pain, or those with features suggesting they won’t resolve on their own may require surgical removal, which can often be done laparoscopically while preserving the ovary.
Ovarian Cysts and Fertility
Most ovarian cysts don’t affect fertility, especially functional cysts, though certain types like endometriomas or those requiring significant ovarian tissue removal can have a greater impact, which is worth discussing with a doctor if fertility is a concern.
Lifestyle Factors and Symptom Management
While lifestyle changes don’t directly shrink ovarian cysts, managing stress and getting regular exercise can help with associated bloating and discomfort, and tracking symptoms against the menstrual cycle can clarify whether pain is tied to a cyst or another cause.
Follow-Up Care
Even cysts that are expected to resolve on their own are often rechecked with a follow-up ultrasound, since this confirms resolution and ensures that what looked like a simple functional cyst wasn’t instead something needing closer attention.
Preparing for a Doctor’s Visit
Noting when pain occurs relative to the menstrual cycle, its intensity, and any other symptoms like bloating or changes in bathroom habits can help a doctor narrow down possible causes more efficiently during an evaluation.
Cysts During Pregnancy
Ovarian cysts can also be found during pregnancy, often incidentally on a routine ultrasound, and most are monitored rather than treated unless they’re unusually large or causing symptoms, since surgery during pregnancy carries its own considerations that a doctor will weigh carefully.
Related Reading
Ovarian cysts are sometimes connected to other conditions worth reading about, including signs of PCOS in your 20s and signs of endometriosis you shouldn’t ignore.
For more detail, see the ACOG’s FAQ on ovarian cysts.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are ovarian cysts a sign of cancer?
Most ovarian cysts are benign, especially in younger women; the risk of a cyst being cancerous increases with age and certain other risk factors, which a doctor can assess.
Can ovarian cysts come back after treatment?
Yes, functional cysts in particular can recur in future menstrual cycles, since they’re related to normal ovulation.
Do birth control pills prevent ovarian cysts?
Hormonal birth control can reduce the likelihood of new functional cysts forming by preventing ovulation, though it doesn’t treat an existing cyst.
How urgent is sudden pelvic pain with a known cyst?
Sudden, severe pain should be treated as urgent and evaluated promptly, since it can indicate a rupture or torsion requiring timely medical care.
This is general information, not medical advice. See a doctor for personal guidance or before making changes to your health routine.
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